Wo stehen die europäischen Banken 10 Jahre nach Beginn der Finanzkrise?

The major European banks have seen their revenues stabilise in 2017, and through further cost-cutting and improvements in asset quality, their profitability rebounded strongly to the second-best figure in the past decade. However, banks continued to shrink, and both total assets and risk-weighted assets fell substantially. This helped capital and leverage ratios to reach new record highs, finally laying questions about the sector’s capitalisation levels to rest, at least on aggregate. Large European banks lost ground versus smaller competitors and also remained far behind their US peers, although they were able to catch up somewhat on this front. [mehr]

2018/19 wird für die Zukunft der EU-Finanzen von entscheidender Bedeutung sein. Im Vergleich zu früheren Haushaltsverhandlungen steht die EU dieses Mal vor deutlich größeren Herausforderungen, zumal durch den Austritt Großbritanniens aus der Union jedes Jahr eine Lücke von über 10 Mrd. Euro im EU-Haushalt klaffen wird. Würde zur Deckung der Brexit-Lücke und der zusätzlichen Ausgaben der EU-Haushalt deutlich aufgestockt, hätte dies – wie unsere Szenarioanalyse zeigt – vor allem negative Auswirkungen für die Nettozahler in West- und Nordeuropa. Unter schmerzhaften Einschnitten im EU-Haushalt hingegen würden insbesondere die Mitgliedstaaten in Osteuropa leiden. Zusätzlich erschwert wird die Lage durch den Wegfall des Britenrabatts und die zu erwartende Streichung jeglicher „Rabatte auf den Rabatt“. Prioritätensetzung, Effizienz, Subsidiarität und Kostenverteilung gehören folglich zu den zentralen Diskussionspunkten um den zukünftigen EU-Haushalt. [mehr]

Die wirtschaftspolitische Unsicherheit (WPU) in Europa ist seit 2016 stark gestiegen. Eine erhöhte WPU kann sich negativ auf die Kapitalmärkte und die Vergabe von Bankkrediten an Unternehmen und Haushalte auswirken. Sie wird außerdem grenzüberschreitend auf andere Länder übertragen. Dies kann eine nachhaltige wirtschaftliche Erholung in Europa beeinträchtigen. [mehr]

Economic policy uncertainty in Europe has risen to extraordinarily high levels. This stands in stark contrast to conventional measures of financial market uncertainty which are at historical lows. Uncertainty surrounding economic policies has negative spillover effects to the rest of the economy. It tends to be transmitted to capital markets and to result in higher financing costs for companies. Significant cross-country transmission of economic policy uncertainty is observable within the EU, with the UK being a net exporter. In addition, banks could turn out to be a central channel through which economic policy uncertainty is transmitted to the real economy, via subdued lending to non-financial corporations, in particular to SMEs. [mehr]

The Basel Committee’s recent agreement on final capital rules for global banks is set to have only limited effect on overall capital requirements, but will impact EU banks more strongly than their peers. In recent quarters, European banks have already strengthened their capital ratios substantially and have become more profitable, thanks to moderately better revenues, lower costs and lower loan losses. Balance sheet size and risk-weighted assets have declined, underscoring the continuing lack of growth momentum in the industry. This might change somewhat next year, as European banks could benefit from the strong performance of the economy via a pickup in lending, which so far has remained sluggish. Further tailwinds from declining loss provisions and falling expense levels are less likely though. [mehr]

Das Brüsseler Reformpaket zum Nikolaustag enthält keine wirklichen Überraschungen. Bei dem Paket handelt es sich um ein detailliertes Dossier mit Vorschlägen und Erläuterungen, das die Europäische Kommission am Mittwoch als Fahrplan für weitere EWU-Integration veröffentlicht hat. [mehr]

No real surprises hidden in the “Saint Nicholas” reform package from Brussels, a detailed set of reform proposals and communications that the European Commission published as a “roadmap” for deepening EMU. The proposals build on Commission President Juncker’s September State of the Union speech and, in essence, match closely with the French vision of more stabilization and risk-sharing in the EU, while they also try to meet German demands for better supervision of fiscal rules. The strong focus on anchoring any further integration of the Monetary Union - such as the reform of the ESM and the introduction of a Eurozone budget - in the institutional framework also illustrates the wariness in Brussels of being sidelined in its fiscal competencies and to allow the euro area to further develop on its own. [mehr]

The fluid political situation in Germany threatens to stall EU policymaking in a number of fields, above all the build-out of the euro area. The EU summit on Dec 14/15 is unlikely to yield an agreement on a potential roadmap for reforming the monetary union making it even more difficult to take final decisions in June 2018 as envisaged by the EU Commission. This will in return dampen optimism that a French-German tandem will provide a fresh impetus to the EU as a whole before the European Parliament elections in 2019. [mehr]

Beyond the Catalan referendum, independence movements in Europe seem to enjoy a revival. But calls for greater autonomy or even secession are not just about cultural identity - financial discrepancies between regions also play a major role. Unsurprisingly, most of the regions with strong separatist tendencies are amongst the wealthiest in their respective countries. Calls for (more) independence seem to be loudest when national financial equalization mechanisms lead to results that are perceived as disproportional, such as in Spain or Italy. [mehr]

Die EU-Kommission hat neue CO₂-Grenzwerte für Pkw vorgeschlagen. Diese können allein mit Verbrennungsmotoren nicht erreicht werden. Insofern erzwingt die Regulierung eine Elektrifizierung des Antriebstrangs. Bislang spielt der durchschnittliche Autokäufer jedoch nicht mit und lässt Autos mit alternativen Antriebstechnologien weitgehend links liegen. Insgesamt gibt es klimapolitische Instrumente, die ökologisch treffsicherer und ökonomisch effizienter sind als CO₂-Grenzwerte für Pkw. [mehr]

On 15 December EU leaders will discuss integration. One proposal that is mentioned in the debates in France and Germany is a repurposing of the ESM as a “European Monetary Fund”. Using a Q&A format, we consider what reforms might mean for the euro area bailout fund. [mehr]