Barbara Böttcher

In dieser Ausgabe des Ausblicks Deutschland befassen wir uns mit den kurzfristigen konjunkturellen Herausforderungen, die der Ukraine-Krieg in Bezug auf Wachstum, Inflation und öffentliche Finanzen mit sich bringt. Wir analysieren auch die längerfristigen strukturellen Herausforderungen, wie die Verringerung der Energieabhängigkeit des Landes von Russland und die Bemühungen der Regierungskoalition, neue Prioritäten, die durch die Zeitenwende ausgelöst wurden, in ihre bereits sehr ehrgeizige Agenda zu integrieren. [mehr]

Ukraine-Krieg bremst Konjunkturerholung, beendet sie aber nicht. In einem moderaten Energiepreisszenario (neue Basisprognose) erwarten wir ein Wachstum des deutschen BIP in 2022 zwischen 2 ½% und 3% (vorher 4%). Höhere Staatsausgaben dürften die Wachstumsverluste etwas begrenzen. In einem schwerwiegenderen Szenario könnte die Inflation auf 6 ½% bis 7% steigen, da die Öl- und Gaslieferungen zumindest vorübergehend gestoppt werden. Das jährliche BIP-Wachstum dürfte auf magere 1% bis 1 ½% sinken. [mehr]

Ein weiterer Corona-Winter. Das BIP-Wachstum hat sich in Q3 nicht weiter beschleunigt, da Lieferengpässe die Industrieproduktion zusehends dämpften. Im Winterhalbjahr werden die angebotsseitigen Engpässe weiter anhalten und erst im Jahr 2022 ganz allmählich abklingen. Angesichts des kräftigen Anstiegs der Corona-Fallzahlen dürfte sich der private Verbrauch abschwächen, nachdem er noch im Sommer die Wachstumslokomotive war. Zum Frühjahr hin könnte er jedoch wieder anziehen. Wir erwarten nun eine BIP-Stagnation im Winterhalbjahr, wenngleich die Risiken für eine Kontraktion zunehmen. Angesichts der Aufwärtskorrekturen für H1 liegt die durchschnittliche BIP-Wachstumsrate für 2021 immer noch bei 2,5% gg. Vj. Der Preisauftrieb hat die Erwartungen in vielen Bereichen weiterhin übertroffen. Trotz zunehmender Engpässe am Arbeitsmarkt hat dies jedoch (noch) nicht zu einer Lohn-Preis-Spirale geführt. Außerdem in dieser Ausgabe: Regierungsbildung in Deutschland schreitet voran. [mehr]

With less than three weeks to go until the German federal election, we put together a succinct presentation to address the following questions:

#1: Is the SPD boom yet another spike in voter preferences – that is going to mean-revert?
#2: How do policy platforms compare and where are the parties’ red lines?
#3: Which coalition option is most likely to materialize?
#4: Is a leftish red-red-green coalition a possibility at all?
#5: Are there any procedural stumbling blocks? How long might the Merkel government act as a caretaker government?
#6: What could fiscal, climate, distribution, and housing policies look like in a new three-way coalition?
#7: What is the likely impact on Germany’s potential growth?

In addition to summarizing our election outlook, we include snapshots of recently published research on how key policy areas like climate, energy, EU, distribution, and fiscal policy might be shaped by the next government. [mehr]

Polls are in flux. The SPD – pulled up by popular frontrunner FM Scholz – has exploited the conservatives’ ongoing weakness and turned a seemingly hopeless endeavour into a neck-and-neck race. In parallel, the Greens are stumbling. In the midst of this volatile political atmosphere, postal voting has started. As most postal voters intend to cast their vote quickly, there is little time left for the faltering conservatives and Greens to regain voters’ support. [mehr]

While the Conservatives’ position in the polls seems to be in free fall for now, the FDP has regained standing with the voters just in time for the federal election in September. According to current polls, only three-way party coalitions have a majority, hence, the Liberals could end up as the new kingmakers, clearly favouring a coalition with the Conservatives and the Greens (Jamaica) over a traffic-light coalition with the SPD and the Greens. But there are still five weeks to go and the election race is as open as ever. [mehr]

For the German federal elections in September, about 60m voters are called to cast their ballot. Despite more than half of voters being 50 years and above, it would still be too far-fetched to say that Germany has become a so-called gerontocracy, where the interests of the older dominate the political process. Moreover, the pandemic could curb participation among all age groups. [mehr]

The recent flood caused by heavy rain was among the most severe natural disasters hitting Germany since reunification. More than 170 people lost their lives and many private homes and public buildings, roads and municipal infrastructure were destroyed. Since the flooding occurred in regions with low industrial density, the expected negative impact on overall economic activity, in particular on industrial production, should be relatively limited. Still, the regional impact on agricultural production (such as wine-growing) might be significant. Some of the most recent polls already fully capture post-flood views. As expected, there is no big shift in voter preferences. The events will likely confirm voters' previous choices. [mehr]

At last, the Conservatives revealed their 140-page election manifesto earlier this afternoon. The manifesto is centered on the key themes of stability and, as Laschet put it, “the triad of climate change, economic strength and social security” in a modernised state. The Conservatives (faithful to their name) thereby differentiate themselves from the Greens’ focus on faster change and transformation. We provide a summary of the key messages regarding EU, fiscal and climate policies in our note. [mehr]

For the Greens, the goal of leading the next government seems to have become harder to reach over the last couple of weeks as polls suggest a certain disenchantment of the electorate with the party and its frontrunner. We do not expect the just approved election manifesto (more left than centre) to provide them with enough momentum to switch back into offensive mode in the election campaign. Still, the Greens can still regain momentum over the next few months, for example due to a hot summer, the resurgence of climate protests and a public perception that change is a precondition to modernization. [mehr]

Next Sunday’s regional election in the small eastern German state Saxony-Anhalt is the last electoral test in the run-up to the federal election in September. Polls suggest that the CDU will remain the strongest political force, despite being challenged by the right-wing AfD. Even a narrow win would be a positive for the CDU’s federal campaign. Whereas an AfD victory would be a (non-lethal) blow for Laschet’s election campaign. The federal election campaign is just heating up. The electorate seems a little disenchanted with Greens and their chancellor candidate, allowing the Conservatives to regain the lead in the neck-and-neck race in the polls. Still, the two parties are polling too close to speak of a turning point (yet). [mehr]

Die Voraussetzungen für eine kräftige Expansion der deutschen Wirtschaft im Sommerhalbjahr manifestieren sich: Die weltweite Nachfrage belebt sich deutlich und die Impfkampagne nimmt endlich Fahrt auf. Angesichts des schwächer als erwartet ausgefallenen Rückgangs des BIP in Q1 (-1,7%) und der Aufwärtsrevisionen für H2 2020 haben wir unsere BIP-Prognose für 2021 von 3,7% auf 4,0% angehoben. Derweil hängen die Wahlumfragen in der Schwebe. Die Nominierungen von Annalena Baerbock und Armin Laschet als Kanzlerkandidaten haben den Grünen klar zu einem Aufschwung verholfen. Der aktuelle Stimmungsumschwung in der Wählerschaft lässt eine ganze Reihe von Koalitionsoptionen zu. [mehr]